Hund S Rule Definition And Examples
Hund s rule states that the lowest energy electron configuration the ground state in any electron subshell is the one with the greatest number of parallel electron spins.
Hund s rule definition and examples. The two 2s electrons will occupy the same orbital whereas the two 2p electrons will be in different orbital and aligned the same direction in accordance with hund s rule. All of the electrons in separately occupied orbitals have an equivalent spin to maximize total spin.
However it was later found that the atom can be further divided into sub atomic particles after the discovery of the electron by j j. This rule deals with reducing the repulsion between electrons.
According to this rule electron pairing in p d and f orbitals cannot occur until each orbital of a given subshell contains one electron each or is singly occupied. Hund s rule states that a larger total spin state of an atom sometimes makes the atom more stable.
The development of the atomic structure began with dalton s modern atomic theory. All of the electrons in singly occupied orbitals have a similar spin to maximize total spin.
It stated that all matter is made of atoms and atoms cannot be further divided into smaller particles. The superscript 3 is the value of the multiplicity 2s 1 3.
Consider the electron configuration for carbon atoms. Example 1 consider the different ways in which a pair of electrons might be arranged in p orbitals.
The atom has 2 bound electrons and they occupy the outermost shell with opposite spins. Hund s rule states that each orbital in a subshell is only obtained before any orbital is double involved.
1s 2 2s 2 2p 2. According to hund s rule.
Their spin moments will also be different. The diagram shows the state of this term with m l 1 and m s 1.
Here we will find that the two electrons are in the 1s subshell where n 1 l 0 and m l 0. Hund s first rule now states that the ground state term is 3 p which has s 1.
Each orbital in a sublevel is separately occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied. Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity rule states that for a given electron configuration the term with maximum multiplicity falls lowest in energy.
We can take a neutral helium atom as a common pauli exclusion principle example.
